VkTest/VulkanTutorial1.0/HelloTriangleApplication.cpp

#include "HelloTriangleApplication.h"

#include <QDebug>
#include <set>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <random>

VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo
                                      , const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT* pDebugMessenger) {
    auto func = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT"));
    if (func != nullptr) {
        return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger);
    } else {
        return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
    }
}

void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {
    auto func = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT"));
    if (func != nullptr) {
        func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator);
    }
}

std::vector<char> HelloTriangleApplication::readFile(const std::string& filename) {
    const std::string& newFilename = "/home/ali-mehrabani/Qt_projects/VkTest/" + filename;
    std::ifstream file(newFilename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);

    if (!file.is_open()) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to open file!");
    }

    size_t fileSize = static_cast<size_t>(file.tellg());
    std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);
    file.seekg(0);
    file.read(buffer.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(fileSize));

    file.close();

    return buffer;
}

HelloTriangleApplication::HelloTriangleApplication()
{

}

void HelloTriangleApplication::run()
{
    initWindow();
    initVulkan();
    mainLoop();
    cleanup();
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::initWindow()
{
    glfwInit();

    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);

    _window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr);
    glfwSetWindowUserPointer(_window, this);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(_window, framebufferResizeCallback);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::framebufferResizeCallback(GLFWwindow* window, int /*width*/, int /*height*/) {
    auto app = reinterpret_cast<HelloTriangleApplication*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
    app->framebufferResized = true;
}



void HelloTriangleApplication::initVulkan()
{
//    if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) {
//        throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");
//    }

    createInstance();
    setupDebugMessenger();
    createSurface();
    pickPhysicalDevice();
    createLogicalDevice();
    createSwapChain();
    createImageViews();
    createRenderPass();
    createDescriptorSetLayout();
//    createComputeDescriptorSetLayout();
    createGraphicsPipeline();
//    createComputePipeline();
    createCommandPool();
    createColorResources();
    createDepthResources();
    createFramebuffers();
    createTextureImage();
    createTextureImageView();
    createTextureSampler();
    loadModel();
    createVertexBuffer();
    createIndexBuffer();
//    createShaderStorageBuffers();
    createUniformBuffers();
    createDescriptorPool();
//    createComputeDescriptorPool();
    createDescriptorSets();
//    createComputeDescriptorSets();
    createCommandBuffer();
//    createComputeCommandBuffers();
    createSyncObjects();
}

bool HelloTriangleApplication::checkValidationLayerSupport()
{
    uint32_t layerCount;
    vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);

    std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
    vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());

    for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) {
        bool layerFound = false;

        for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) {
            if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) {
                layerFound = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (!layerFound) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

VkApplicationInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createInstanceAppInfo()
{
    VkApplicationInfo appInfo{};
    appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
    appInfo.pApplicationName = "Vulkan App";
    appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
    appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
    appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
    appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

    return appInfo;
}

VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT HelloTriangleApplication::createInstanceDebugMessengerInfo()
{
    VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo = {};
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
    createInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT
            | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT
            | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
    createInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT
            | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT |
            VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;

    createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;

    return createInfo;
}

VkInstanceCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createInstanceInfo(VkApplicationInfo* appInfo, std::vector<const char *>& extensions
                                                                  , VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT& debugCreateInfo)
{
    VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
    createInfo.pApplicationInfo = appInfo;
    createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
    createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();

    if (enableValidationLayers) {
        createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
        createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();

        debugCreateInfo = createInstanceDebugMessengerInfo();
        createInfo.pNext = dynamic_cast<VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT*>(&debugCreateInfo);
    } else {
        createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
        createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    }

    return createInfo;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createInstance()
{
    VkApplicationInfo appInfo = createInstanceAppInfo();
    auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions();

    VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo{};
    VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = createInstanceInfo(&appInfo, extensions, debugCreateInfo);

    if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &_instance) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");
    }
}

std::vector<const char*> HelloTriangleApplication::getRequiredExtensions()
{
    uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
    const char** glfwExtensions;
    glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);

    std::vector<const char*> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);

    if (enableValidationLayers) {
        extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
    }

    return extensions;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::setupDebugMessenger() {
    if (!enableValidationLayers)
    {
        return;
    }

    VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo = createInstanceDebugMessengerInfo();
    createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;

    if (CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(_instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &_debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug messenger!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createSurface()
{
    if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(_instance, _window, nullptr, &_surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::pickPhysicalDevice() {
    _physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

    uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
    vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(_instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
    if (deviceCount == 0) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");
    }

    chooseDevice(deviceCount);
    if (_physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::chooseDevice(uint32_t deviceCount)
{
    std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
    vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(_instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());

    for (const auto& device : devices) {
        if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) {
            _physicalDevice = device;
            _msaaSamples = getMaxUsableSampleCount();
            break;
        }
    }
}

VkSampleCountFlagBits HelloTriangleApplication::getMaxUsableSampleCount() {
    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties physicalDeviceProperties;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(_physicalDevice, &physicalDeviceProperties);

    VkSampleCountFlags counts = physicalDeviceProperties.limits.framebufferColorSampleCounts & physicalDeviceProperties.limits.framebufferDepthSampleCounts;
    if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT; }
    if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT; }
    if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT; }
    if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT; }
    if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT; }
    if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT; }

    return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
}

bool HelloTriangleApplication::isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
//    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties;
//    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures;
//    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &deviceProperties);
//    vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &deviceFeatures);

//    return deviceProperties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU &&
//           deviceFeatures.geometryShader;

    QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);

    bool extensionsSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device);

    bool swapChainAdequate = false;
    if (extensionsSupported) {
        SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(device);
        swapChainAdequate = !swapChainSupport.formats.empty() && !swapChainSupport.presentModes.empty();
    }

    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures supportedFeatures;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &supportedFeatures);

    return indices.isComplete() && extensionsSupported && swapChainAdequate && supportedFeatures.samplerAnisotropy;
}

bool HelloTriangleApplication::checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
    uint32_t extensionCount;
    vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);

    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);
    vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());

    std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());

    for (const auto& extension : availableExtensions) {
        requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);
    }

    return requiredExtensions.empty();
}

SwapChainSupportDetails HelloTriangleApplication::querySwapChainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
    SwapChainSupportDetails details;

    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, _surface, &details.capabilities);

    uint32_t formatCount;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, _surface, &formatCount, nullptr);

    if (formatCount != 0) {
        details.formats.resize(formatCount);
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, _surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
    }

    uint32_t presentModeCount;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, _surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);

    if (presentModeCount != 0) {
        details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, _surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
    }

    return details;
}

QueueFamilyIndices HelloTriangleApplication::findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
    QueueFamilyIndices indices;

    uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);

    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());

    uint32_t i = 0;
    for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) {
        if ((queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) && (queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT)) {
            indices.graphicsFamily = i;
        }

        VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, _surface, &presentSupport);

        if (presentSupport) {
            indices.presentFamily = i;
        }

        if (indices.isComplete()) {
            break;
        }

        i++;
    }

    return indices;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createLogicalDevice()
{
    QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(_physicalDevice);

    std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
    std::set<uint32_t> uniqueQueueFamilies = {indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value()};

    float queuePriority = 1.0f;
    for (uint32_t queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies) {
        queueCreateInfos.push_back(createQueueInfo(queueFamily, 1, &queuePriority));
    }

    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = createDeviceFeatures();
    VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = createLogicalDeviceInfo(queueCreateInfos, &deviceFeatures);

    if (vkCreateDevice(_physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &_device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
    }

    vkGetDeviceQueue(_device, indices.graphicsFamily.value(), 0, &_graphicsQueue);
    vkGetDeviceQueue(_device, indices.presentFamily.value(), 0, &_presentQueue);
}

VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createQueueInfo(uint32_t queueFamily, uint32_t queueCount, float* queuePriority)
{
    VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo{};
    queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
    queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
    queueCreateInfo.queueCount = queueCount;
    queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = queuePriority;

    return queueCreateInfo;
}

VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures HelloTriangleApplication::createDeviceFeatures()
{
    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures{};
    deviceFeatures.samplerAnisotropy = VK_TRUE;

    return deviceFeatures;
}

VkDeviceCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createLogicalDeviceInfo(std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo>& queueCreateInfos
                                                                     , VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures* deviceFeatures)
{
    VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo{};
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;

    createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());
    createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();

    createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = deviceFeatures;

    createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
    createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();

    if (enableValidationLayers) {
        createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
        createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
    } else {
        createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
        createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = nullptr;
    }

    return createInfo;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createSwapChain() {
    SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(_physicalDevice);

    VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(swapChainSupport.formats);
    VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(swapChainSupport.presentModes);
    VkExtent2D extent = chooseSwapExtent(swapChainSupport.capabilities);

    uint32_t imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
    if (swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount) {
        imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount;
    }

    VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = createSwapChainInfo(swapChainSupport, _surface, imageCount, surfaceFormat, extent, presentMode);

    if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(_device, &createInfo, nullptr, &_swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swap chain!");
    }

    vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(_device, _swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
    _swapChainImages.resize(imageCount);
    vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(_device, _swapChain, &imageCount, _swapChainImages.data());

    _swapChainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
    _swapChainExtent = extent;
}

VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR HelloTriangleApplication::createSwapChainInfo(SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport, VkSurfaceKHR _surface, uint32_t imageCount
                                                     , VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat, VkExtent2D extent, VkPresentModeKHR presentMode)
{
    VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo{};
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
    createInfo.surface = _surface;
    createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
    createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
    createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace;
    createInfo.imageExtent = extent;
    createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
    createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;

    createInfo.preTransform = swapChainSupport.capabilities.currentTransform;
    createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
    createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
    createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;

    createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

    QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(_physicalDevice);
    uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = {indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value()};

    if (indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily) {
        createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
        createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
    } else {
        createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
    }
    createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;

    return createInfo;
}

VkSurfaceFormatKHR HelloTriangleApplication::chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats) {
    for (const auto& availableFormat : availableFormats) {
        if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
            return availableFormat;
        }
    }

    return availableFormats[0];
}

VkPresentModeKHR HelloTriangleApplication::chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availablePresentModes) {
    for (const auto& availablePresentMode : availablePresentModes) {
        if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
            return availablePresentMode;
        }
    }

    return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
}

VkExtent2D HelloTriangleApplication::chooseSwapExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities) {
    if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
        return capabilities.currentExtent;
    } else {
        int width, height;
        glfwGetFramebufferSize(_window, &width, &height);

        VkExtent2D actualExtent = {
            static_cast<uint32_t>(width),
            static_cast<uint32_t>(height)
        };

        actualExtent.width = std::clamp(actualExtent.width, capabilities.minImageExtent.width, capabilities.maxImageExtent.width);
        actualExtent.height = std::clamp(actualExtent.height, capabilities.minImageExtent.height, capabilities.maxImageExtent.height);

        return actualExtent;
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createImageViews() {
    _swapChainImageViews.resize(_swapChainImages.size());

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < _swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
        _swapChainImageViews[i] = createImageView(_swapChainImages[i], _swapChainImageFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 1);
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createRenderPass() {
    VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment = createColorAttachmentInfo(_swapChainImageFormat, _msaaSamples);
    VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = createAttachmentRefInfo(0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

    VkAttachmentDescription depthAttachment = createDepthAttachmentInfo(findDepthFormat(), _msaaSamples);
    VkAttachmentReference depthAttachmentRef = createAttachmentRefInfo(1, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

    VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachmentResolve = createColorAttachmentResolveInfo(_swapChainImageFormat, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT);
    VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentResolveRef = createAttachmentRefInfo(2, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

    VkSubpassDescription subpass = createSubpassInfo(&colorAttachmentRef, &depthAttachmentRef, &colorAttachmentResolveRef);

    VkSubpassDependency dependency = createSubpassDependencyInfo();

    std::vector<VkAttachmentDescription> attachments = {colorAttachment, depthAttachment, colorAttachmentResolve};
    VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = createRenderPassInfo(attachments, &subpass, &dependency);

    if (vkCreateRenderPass(_device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &_renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass!");
    }
}

VkAttachmentDescription HelloTriangleApplication::createColorAttachmentInfo(VkFormat format, VkSampleCountFlagBits msaaSamples)
{
    VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment{};
    colorAttachment.format = format;
    colorAttachment.samples = msaaSamples;
    colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
    colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
    colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
    colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
    colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

    return colorAttachment;
}

VkAttachmentReference HelloTriangleApplication::createAttachmentRefInfo(uint32_t offset, VkImageLayout layout)
{
    VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef{};
    colorAttachmentRef.attachment = offset;
    colorAttachmentRef.layout = layout;

    return colorAttachmentRef;
}

VkAttachmentDescription HelloTriangleApplication::createDepthAttachmentInfo(VkFormat format, VkSampleCountFlagBits msaaSamples)
{
    VkAttachmentDescription depthAttachment;
    depthAttachment.format = format;
    depthAttachment.samples = msaaSamples;
    depthAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
    depthAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
    depthAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
    depthAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
    depthAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    depthAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

    return depthAttachment;
}

VkAttachmentDescription HelloTriangleApplication::createColorAttachmentResolveInfo(VkFormat format, VkSampleCountFlagBits msaaSamples)
{
    VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachmentResolve{};
    colorAttachmentResolve.format = format;
    colorAttachmentResolve.samples = msaaSamples;
    colorAttachmentResolve.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
    colorAttachmentResolve.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
    colorAttachmentResolve.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
    colorAttachmentResolve.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
    colorAttachmentResolve.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    colorAttachmentResolve.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

    return colorAttachmentResolve;
}

VkSubpassDescription HelloTriangleApplication::createSubpassInfo(VkAttachmentReference* colorAttachRef, VkAttachmentReference* depthAttachRef
                                                         , VkAttachmentReference* colorAttachResolverRef)
{
    VkSubpassDescription subpass{};
    subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
    subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
    subpass.pColorAttachments = colorAttachRef;
    subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = depthAttachRef;
    subpass.pResolveAttachments = colorAttachResolverRef;

    return subpass;
}

VkRenderPassCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createRenderPassInfo(std::vector<VkAttachmentDescription>& attachments, VkSubpassDescription* subpass
                                                                      , VkSubpassDependency* dependency)
{
    VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo{};
    renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
    renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
    renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
    renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
    renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = subpass;

    renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
    renderPassInfo.pDependencies = dependency;

    return renderPassInfo;
}

VkSubpassDependency HelloTriangleApplication::createSubpassDependencyInfo()
{
    VkSubpassDependency dependency{};
    dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
    dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
    dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
    dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
    dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
    dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;

    return dependency;
}


void HelloTriangleApplication::createDescriptorSetLayout() {
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uboLayoutBinding = createLayoutBindingInfo(0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding samplerLayoutBinding = createLayoutBindingInfo(1, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

    std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 2> bindings = {uboLayoutBinding, samplerLayoutBinding};
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo{};
    layoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
    layoutInfo.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
    layoutInfo.pBindings = bindings.data();

    if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(_device, &layoutInfo, nullptr, &_descriptorSetLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor set layout!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createComputeDescriptorSetLayout() {
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uboLayoutBinding = createLayoutBindingInfo(0, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding computeLayoutBinding1 = createLayoutBindingInfo(2, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding computeLayoutBinding2 = createLayoutBindingInfo(3, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT);

    std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 3> bindings = {uboLayoutBinding, computeLayoutBinding1, computeLayoutBinding2};
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo{};
    layoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
    layoutInfo.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
    layoutInfo.pBindings = bindings.data();

    if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(_device, &layoutInfo, nullptr, &_computeDescriptorSetLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create compute descriptor set layout!");
    }
}

VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding HelloTriangleApplication::createLayoutBindingInfo(uint32_t offset, VkDescriptorType descType, VkShaderStageFlagBits StageFlags)
{
    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding layoutBinding{};
    layoutBinding.binding = offset;
    layoutBinding.descriptorType = descType;
    layoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
    layoutBinding.stageFlags = StageFlags;
    layoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;

    return layoutBinding;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createGraphicsPipeline()
{
    auto vertShaderCode = readFile("shaders/vert.spv");
    auto fragShaderCode = readFile("shaders/frag.spv");
    VkShaderModule vertShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertShaderCode);
    VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragShaderCode);
    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo = createPipelineShaderInfo(VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, vertShaderModule);
    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo = createPipelineShaderInfo(VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, fragShaderModule);
    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = {vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo};

    auto bindingDescription = Vertex::getBindingDescription();
    auto attributeDescriptions = Vertex::getAttributeDescriptions();
    VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo = createPipelineVertexInputInfo();
    vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
    vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription;
    vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attributeDescriptions.size());
    vertexInputInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributeDescriptions.data();

    VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly = createPipelineInputAssemblyStateInfo();

    std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStates = {
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
    };
    VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState = createPipelineDynamicStateInfo(dynamicStates);

    VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = createPipelineViewportStateInfo();

    VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer = createPipelineRasterizationStateInfo();

    VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling = createPipelineMultisampleStateInfo();

    VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment = colorPipelineBlendAttachmentStateInfo();

    VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending = colorPipelineBlendStateInfo(&colorBlendAttachment);

    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo = createPipelineLayoutInfo();
    if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(_device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &_pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create pipeline layout!");
    }

    VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencil = createPipelineDepthStencilStateInfo();

    VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo{};
    pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
    pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
    pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
    pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo;
    pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
    pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
    pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
    pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampling;
    pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencil;
    pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending;
    pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
    pipelineInfo.layout = _pipelineLayout;
    pipelineInfo.renderPass = _renderPass;
    pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
    pipelineInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE; // Optional
    pipelineInfo.basePipelineIndex = -1; // Optional

    if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(_device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &_graphicsPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create graphics pipeline!");
    }

    vkDestroyShaderModule(_device, fragShaderModule, nullptr);
    vkDestroyShaderModule(_device, vertShaderModule, nullptr);
}

VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createPipelineShaderInfo(VkShaderStageFlagBits stage, VkShaderModule module)
{
    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStageInfo{};
    shaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    shaderStageInfo.stage = stage;
    shaderStageInfo.module = module;
    shaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

    return shaderStageInfo;
}

VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createPipelineVertexInputInfo()
{
    VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo{};
    vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;

    return vertexInputInfo;
}

VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createPipelineInputAssemblyStateInfo()
{
    VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly{};
    inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
    inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;

    return inputAssembly;
}

VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createPipelineDynamicStateInfo(std::vector<VkDynamicState>& dynamicStates)
{
    VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState{};
    dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamicStates.size());
    dynamicState.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates.data();

    return dynamicState;
}

VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createPipelineViewportStateInfo()
{
    VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState{};
    viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
    viewportState.scissorCount = 1;

    return viewportState;
}

VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createPipelineRasterizationStateInfo()
{
    VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer{};
    rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
    rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
    rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
    rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
    rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
    rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
    rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
    rasterizer.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f; // Optional
    rasterizer.depthBiasClamp = 0.0f; // Optional
    rasterizer.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.0f; // Optional

    return rasterizer;
}

VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createPipelineMultisampleStateInfo()
{
    VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling{};
    multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
    multisampling.rasterizationSamples = _msaaSamples;
    multisampling.minSampleShading = 1.0f; // Optional
    multisampling.pSampleMask = nullptr; // Optional
    multisampling.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE; // Optional
    multisampling.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE; // Optional

    return multisampling;
}

VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState HelloTriangleApplication::colorPipelineBlendAttachmentStateInfo()
{
    VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment{};
    colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
    colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;
    colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE; // Optional
    colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO; // Optional
    colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD; // Optional
    colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE; // Optional
    colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO; // Optional
    colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD; // Optional

    return colorBlendAttachment;
}

VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createPipelineLayoutInfo()
{
    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
    pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &_descriptorSetLayout;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 0; // Optional
    pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = nullptr; // Optional

    return pipelineLayoutInfo;
}

VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createPipelineDepthStencilStateInfo()
{
    VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencil{};
    depthStencil.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    depthStencil.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE;
    depthStencil.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE;
    depthStencil.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS;
    depthStencil.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
    depthStencil.minDepthBounds = 0.0f; // Optional
    depthStencil.maxDepthBounds = 1.0f; // Optional
    depthStencil.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
    depthStencil.front = {}; // Optional
    depthStencil.back = {}; // Optional

    return depthStencil;
}

VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::colorPipelineBlendStateInfo(VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState* colorBlendAttachment)
{
    VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending{};
    colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    colorBlending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
    colorBlending.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY; // Optional
    colorBlending.attachmentCount = 1;
    colorBlending.pAttachments = colorBlendAttachment;
    colorBlending.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f; // Optional
    colorBlending.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f; // Optional
    colorBlending.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f; // Optional
    colorBlending.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f; // Optional

    return colorBlending;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createComputePipeline()
{
    auto computeShaderCode = readFile("shaders/comp.spv");
    VkShaderModule computeShaderModule = createShaderModule(computeShaderCode);
    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo computeShaderStageInfo = createPipelineShaderInfo(VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, computeShaderModule);

    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo = createComputePipelineLayoutInfo();
    if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(_device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &_computePipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create compute pipeline layout!");
    }

    VkComputePipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo{};
    pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
    pipelineInfo.layout = _computePipelineLayout;
    pipelineInfo.stage = computeShaderStageInfo;

    if (vkCreateComputePipelines(_device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &_computePipeline) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create compute pipeline!");
    }

    vkDestroyShaderModule(_device, computeShaderModule, nullptr);
}

VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createComputePipelineLayoutInfo()
{
    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
    pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &_computeDescriptorSetLayout;

    return pipelineLayoutInfo;
}

VkShaderModule HelloTriangleApplication::createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code)
{
    VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo{};
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
    createInfo.codeSize = code.size();
    createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());

    VkShaderModule shaderModule;
    if (vkCreateShaderModule(_device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module!");
    }

    return shaderModule;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createFramebuffers() {
    _swapChainFramebuffers.resize(_swapChainImageViews.size());

    for (size_t i = 0; i < _swapChainImageViews.size(); i++) {
        std::vector<VkImageView> attachments = {
            _colorImageView,
            _depthImageView,
            _swapChainImageViews[i]
        };
        VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo = createFramebufferInfo(attachments);

        if (vkCreateFramebuffer(_device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &_swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer!");
        }
    }
}

VkFramebufferCreateInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createFramebufferInfo(std::vector<VkImageView>& attachments)
{

    VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo{};
    framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    framebufferInfo.renderPass = _renderPass;
    framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
    framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
    framebufferInfo.width = _swapChainExtent.width;
    framebufferInfo.height = _swapChainExtent.height;
    framebufferInfo.layers = 1;

    return framebufferInfo;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createCommandPool() {
    QueueFamilyIndices queueFamilyIndices = findQueueFamilies(_physicalDevice);

    VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};
    poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
    poolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
    poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndices.graphicsFamily.value();

    if (vkCreateCommandPool(_device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &_commandPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create command pool!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createColorResources() {
    VkFormat colorFormat = _swapChainImageFormat;

    createImage(_swapChainExtent.width, _swapChainExtent.height, 1, _msaaSamples, colorFormat, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL
                , VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT
                , _colorImage, _colorImageMemory);
    _colorImageView = createImageView(_colorImage, colorFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 1);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createDepthResources() {
    VkFormat depthFormat = findDepthFormat();

    createImage(_swapChainExtent.width, _swapChainExtent.height, 1, _msaaSamples, depthFormat, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL
                , VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, _depthImage, _depthImageMemory);
    _depthImageView = createImageView(_depthImage, depthFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT, 1);

    transitionImageLayout(_depthImage, depthFormat, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1);
}

VkFormat HelloTriangleApplication::findSupportedFormat(const std::vector<VkFormat>& candidates, VkImageTiling tiling
                                                       , VkFormatFeatureFlags features) {
    for (VkFormat format : candidates) {
        VkFormatProperties props;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(_physicalDevice, format, &props);

        if (tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR && (props.linearTilingFeatures & features) == features) {
            return format;
        } else if (tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL && (props.optimalTilingFeatures & features) == features) {
            return format;
        }
    }

    throw std::runtime_error("failed to find supported format!");
}

VkFormat HelloTriangleApplication::findDepthFormat() {
    return findSupportedFormat(
        {VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT, VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT, VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT},
        VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT
    );
}

bool HelloTriangleApplication::hasStencilComponent(VkFormat format) {
    return format == VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT || format == VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createTextureImage() {
    int texWidth, texHeight, texChannels;
//    stbi_uc* pixels = stbi_load("/home/ali-mehrabani/Qt_projects/VkTest/textures/texture.jpg", &texWidth, &texHeight, &texChannels, STBI_rgb_alpha);
    stbi_uc* pixels = stbi_load(TEXTURE_PATH.c_str(), &texWidth, &texHeight, &texChannels, STBI_rgb_alpha);
    VkDeviceSize imageSize = texWidth * texHeight * 4;

    _mipLevels = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::floor(std::log2(std::max(texWidth, texHeight)))) + 1;

    if (!pixels) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to load texture image!");
    }

    VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
    VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;

    copyImageToStagingBuffer(stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory, pixels, imageSize);

    stbi_image_free(pixels);

    createImage(texWidth, texHeight, _mipLevels, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL
                , VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT
                , VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, _textureImage, _textureImageMemory);

    transitionImageLayout(_textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, _mipLevels);
    copyBufferToImage(stagingBuffer, _textureImage, static_cast<uint32_t>(texWidth), static_cast<uint32_t>(texHeight));

//    transitionImageLayout(_textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, _mipLevels);

    vkDestroyBuffer(_device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
    vkFreeMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);

    generateMipmaps(_textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, texWidth, texHeight, _mipLevels);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::copyImageToStagingBuffer(VkBuffer& stagingBuffer, VkDeviceMemory& stagingBufferMemory, stbi_uc* pixels, VkDeviceSize imageSize)
{
    createBuffer(imageSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT
                 , stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

    void* data;
    vkMapMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, imageSize, 0, &data);
    memcpy(data, pixels, static_cast<size_t>(imageSize));
    vkUnmapMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::generateMipmaps(VkImage image, VkFormat imageFormat, int32_t texWidth, int32_t texHeight, uint32_t mipLevels) {
    VkFormatProperties formatProperties;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(_physicalDevice, imageFormat, &formatProperties);

    if (!(formatProperties.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT)) {
        throw std::runtime_error("texture image format does not support linear blitting!");
    }

    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

    VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = initMipmapBarrier(image);
    int32_t mipWidth = texWidth;
    int32_t mipHeight = texHeight;

    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < mipLevels; i++) {
        setFirstStepMipmapBarrierInfo(barrier, i);
        vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0,
            0, nullptr,
            0, nullptr,
            1, &barrier);

        VkImageBlit blit = createBlitMipMapInfo(mipWidth, mipHeight, i);
        vkCmdBlitImage(commandBuffer,
            image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
            image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
            1, &blit,
            VK_FILTER_LINEAR);


        setSecondStepMipmapBarrierInfo(barrier, i);
        vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0,
            0, nullptr,
            0, nullptr,
            1, &barrier);

        if (mipWidth > 1) mipWidth /= 2;
        if (mipHeight > 1) mipHeight /= 2;
    }

    setLastStepMipmapBarrierInfo(barrier, mipLevels - 1);

    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0,
        0, nullptr,
        0, nullptr,
        1, &barrier);

    endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
}

VkImageMemoryBarrier HelloTriangleApplication::initMipmapBarrier(VkImage image)
{
    VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier{};
    barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
    barrier.image = image;
    barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
    barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;

    return barrier;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::setFirstStepMipmapBarrierInfo(VkImageMemoryBarrier& barrier, uint32_t index)
{
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = index - 1;
    barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
    barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::setSecondStepMipmapBarrierInfo(VkImageMemoryBarrier& barrier, uint32_t index)
{
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = index - 1;
    barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
    barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::setLastStepMipmapBarrierInfo(VkImageMemoryBarrier& barrier, uint32_t index)
{
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = index;
    barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
    barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
}

VkImageBlit HelloTriangleApplication::createBlitMipMapInfo(int32_t mipWidth, int32_t mipHeight, uint32_t index)
{
    VkImageBlit blit{};
    blit.srcOffsets[0] = { 0, 0, 0 };
    blit.srcOffsets[1] = {mipWidth, mipHeight, 1};
    blit.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    blit.srcSubresource.mipLevel = index - 1;
    blit.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    blit.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
    blit.dstOffsets[0] = { 0, 0, 0 };
    blit.dstOffsets[1] = { mipWidth > 1 ? mipWidth / 2 : 1, mipHeight > 1 ? mipHeight / 2 : 1, 1 };
    blit.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    blit.dstSubresource.mipLevel = index;
    blit.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    blit.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;

    return blit;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::transitionImageLayout(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageLayout oldLayout, VkImageLayout newLayout, uint32_t mipLevels)
{
    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

    VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = initTransitionLayoutBarrierInfo(image, format, oldLayout, newLayout, mipLevels);

    VkPipelineStageFlags sourceStage;
    VkPipelineStageFlags destinationStage;

    setSrcAndDst(barrier, sourceStage, destinationStage, oldLayout, newLayout);

    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
        commandBuffer,
        sourceStage, destinationStage,
        0,
        0, nullptr,
        0, nullptr,
        1, &barrier
    );

    endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
}

VkImageMemoryBarrier HelloTriangleApplication::initTransitionLayoutBarrierInfo(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageLayout oldLayout
                                                                               , VkImageLayout newLayout, uint32_t mipLevels)
{
    VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier{};
    barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
    barrier.oldLayout = oldLayout;
    barrier.newLayout = newLayout;
    barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.image = image;

    if (newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
        barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;

        if (hasStencilComponent(format)) {
            barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
        }
    } else {
        barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    }

    barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
    barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = mipLevels;
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

    return barrier;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::setSrcAndDst(VkImageMemoryBarrier& barrier, VkPipelineStageFlags& sourceStage, VkPipelineStageFlags& destinationStage
                                            , VkImageLayout oldLayout, VkImageLayout newLayout)
{
    if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL) {
        barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
        barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;

        sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
        destinationStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
    } else if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL) {
        barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
        barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;

        sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
        destinationStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT;
    } else if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
        barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
        barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;

        sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
        destinationStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
    } else {
        throw std::invalid_argument("unsupported layout transition!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createImage(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t mipLevels, VkSampleCountFlagBits numSamples, VkFormat format
                                           , VkImageTiling tiling, VkImageUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkImage& image
                                           , VkDeviceMemory& imageMemory)
{
    VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo{};
    imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
    imageInfo.extent.width = static_cast<uint32_t>(width);
    imageInfo.extent.height = static_cast<uint32_t>(height);
    imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
    imageInfo.mipLevels = mipLevels;
    imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
    imageInfo.format = format;
    imageInfo.tiling = tiling;
    imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    imageInfo.usage = usage;
    imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    imageInfo.samples = numSamples;
    imageInfo.flags = 0; // Optional

    if (vkCreateImage(_device, &imageInfo, nullptr, &image) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image!");
    }

    allocateAndBindImageMemory(image, imageMemory, properties);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::allocateAndBindImageMemory(VkImage& image, VkDeviceMemory& imageMemory, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties)
{
    VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
    vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(_device, image, &memRequirements);

    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);

    if (vkAllocateMemory(_device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &imageMemory) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate image memory!");
    }

    vkBindImageMemory(_device, image, imageMemory, 0);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::copyBufferToImage(VkBuffer buffer, VkImage image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
{
    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

    VkBufferImageCopy region = createBufferImageCopyInfo(width, height);

    vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(
        commandBuffer,
        buffer,
        image,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
        1,
        &region
    );

    endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
}

VkBufferImageCopy HelloTriangleApplication::createBufferImageCopyInfo(uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
{
    VkBufferImageCopy region{};
    region.bufferOffset = 0;
    region.bufferRowLength = 0;
    region.bufferImageHeight = 0;

    region.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    region.imageSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
    region.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    region.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;

    region.imageOffset = {0, 0, 0};
    region.imageExtent = {
        width,
        height,
        1
    };

    return region;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createTextureImageView()
{
    _textureImageView = createImageView(_textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, _mipLevels);
}

VkImageView HelloTriangleApplication::createImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags, uint32_t mipLevels)
{
    VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo{};
    viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
    viewInfo.image = image;
    viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
    viewInfo.format = format;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspectFlags;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = mipLevels;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

    VkImageView imageView;
    if (vkCreateImageView(_device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &imageView) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create texture image view!");
    }

    return imageView;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createTextureSampler()
{
    VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo{};
    samplerInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
    samplerInfo.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;

    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties{};
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(_physicalDevice, &properties);

    samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = VK_TRUE;
    samplerInfo.maxAnisotropy = properties.limits.maxSamplerAnisotropy;

    samplerInfo.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK;
    samplerInfo.unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE;
    samplerInfo.compareEnable = VK_FALSE;
    samplerInfo.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
    samplerInfo.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
    samplerInfo.minLod = 0.0f;
    samplerInfo.maxLod = static_cast<float>(_mipLevels);

    if (vkCreateSampler(_device, &samplerInfo, nullptr, &_textureSampler) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create texture sampler!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::loadModel() {
    tinyobj::attrib_t attrib;
    std::vector<tinyobj::shape_t> shapes;
    std::vector<tinyobj::material_t> materials;
    std::string warn, err;

    if (!tinyobj::LoadObj(&attrib, &shapes, &materials, &warn, &err, MODEL_PATH.c_str())) {
        throw std::runtime_error(warn + err);
    }

    std::unordered_map<Vertex, uint32_t> uniqueVertices{};

    for (const auto& shape : shapes) {
        for (const auto& index : shape.mesh.indices) {
            Vertex vertex = createLoadModelVertex(attrib, index);

            if (uniqueVertices.count(vertex) == 0) {
                uniqueVertices[vertex] = static_cast<uint32_t>(_vertices.size());
                _vertices.push_back(vertex);
            }

            _indices.push_back(uniqueVertices[vertex]);
        }
    }
}

Vertex HelloTriangleApplication::createLoadModelVertex(tinyobj::attrib_t attrib, tinyobj::index_t index)
{
    Vertex vertex{};

    vertex.pos = {
        attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 0],
        attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 1],
        attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 2]
    };

    vertex.texCoord = {
        attrib.texcoords[2 * index.texcoord_index + 0],
        1.0f - attrib.texcoords[2 * index.texcoord_index + 1]
    };

    vertex.color = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

    return vertex;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createVertexBuffer()
{
    VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(_vertices[0]) * _vertices.size();

    VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
    VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
    copyVerticesToStagingBuffer(stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

    createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT
                 , VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, _vertexBuffer, _vertexBufferMemory);

    copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, _vertexBuffer, bufferSize);

    vkDestroyBuffer(_device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
    vkFreeMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::copyVerticesToStagingBuffer(VkBuffer& stagingBuffer, VkDeviceMemory& stagingBufferMemory)
{
    VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(_vertices[0]) * _vertices.size();
    createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT
                 , stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

    void* data;
    vkMapMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &data);
    memcpy(data, _vertices.data(), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(bufferSize));
    vkUnmapMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory);
}


void HelloTriangleApplication::createIndexBuffer() {
    VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(_indices[0]) * _indices.size();

    VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
    VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
    copyIndicesToStagingBuffer(stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

    createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT
                 , _indexBuffer, _indexBufferMemory);

    copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, _indexBuffer, bufferSize);

    vkDestroyBuffer(_device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
    vkFreeMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::copyIndicesToStagingBuffer(VkBuffer& stagingBuffer, VkDeviceMemory& stagingBufferMemory)
{
    VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(_indices[0]) * _indices.size();
    createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT
                 , stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

    void* data;
    vkMapMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &data);
    memcpy(data, _indices.data(), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(bufferSize));
    vkUnmapMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties
                                            , VkBuffer& buffer, VkDeviceMemory& bufferMemory)
{
    VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo{};
    bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    bufferInfo.size = size;
    bufferInfo.usage = usage;
    bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

    if (vkCreateBuffer(_device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &buffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create vertex buffer!");
    }

    allocateAndBindBufferMemory(buffer, bufferMemory, properties);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::allocateAndBindBufferMemory(VkBuffer& buffer, VkDeviceMemory& bufferMemory, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties)
{
    VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
    vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(_device, buffer, &memRequirements);

    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);

    if (vkAllocateMemory(_device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &bufferMemory) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate vertex buffer memory!");
    }

    vkBindBufferMemory(_device, buffer, bufferMemory, 0);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::copyBuffer(VkBuffer srcBuffer, VkBuffer dstBuffer, VkDeviceSize size)
{
    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

    VkBufferCopy copyRegion{};
    copyRegion.srcOffset = 0; // Optional
    copyRegion.dstOffset = 0; // Optional
    copyRegion.size = size;
    vkCmdCopyBuffer(commandBuffer, srcBuffer, dstBuffer, 1, &copyRegion);

    endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::endSingleTimeCommands(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
{
    vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);

    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;

    vkQueueSubmit(_graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
    vkQueueWaitIdle(_graphicsQueue);

    vkFreeCommandBuffers(_device, _commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
}

VkCommandBuffer HelloTriangleApplication::beginSingleTimeCommands()
{
    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
    allocInfo.commandPool = _commandPool;
    allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;

    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
    vkAllocateCommandBuffers(_device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer);

    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
    beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
    beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;

    vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);

    return commandBuffer;
}

uint32_t HelloTriangleApplication::findMemoryType(uint32_t typeFilter, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties) {
    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProperties;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(_physicalDevice, &memProperties);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
        if ((typeFilter & (1 << i)) && (memProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
            return i;
        }
    }

    throw std::runtime_error("failed to find suitable memory type!");
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createShaderStorageBuffers() {

    VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
    VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
    copyParticlesToStagingBuffer(stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

    initShaderStorageBuffers(stagingBuffer);

    vkDestroyBuffer(_device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
    vkFreeMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::initShaderStorageBuffers(VkBuffer& stagingBuffer)
{
    VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(Particle) * PARTICLE_COUNT;
    _shaderStorageBuffers.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    _shaderStorageBuffersMemory.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
        createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT
                     , VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, _shaderStorageBuffers[i], _shaderStorageBuffersMemory[i]);
        copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, _shaderStorageBuffers[i], bufferSize);
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::copyParticlesToStagingBuffer(VkBuffer& stagingBuffer, VkDeviceMemory& stagingBufferMemory)
{
    std::vector<Particle> particles = initParticles();

    VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(Particle) * PARTICLE_COUNT;
    createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT
                 , stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

    void* data;
    vkMapMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &data);
    memcpy(data, particles.data(), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(bufferSize));
    vkUnmapMemory(_device, stagingBufferMemory);
}

std::vector<Particle> HelloTriangleApplication::initParticles()
{
    std::default_random_engine rndEngine(static_cast<unsigned>(time(nullptr)));
    std::uniform_real_distribution<float> rndDist(0.0f, 1.0f);

    std::vector<Particle> particles(PARTICLE_COUNT);
    for (auto& particle : particles) {
        float r = 0.25f * sqrt(rndDist(rndEngine));
        float theta = rndDist(rndEngine) * 2.0f * 3.14159265358979323846f;
        float x = r * cos(theta) * HEIGHT / WIDTH;
        float y = r * sin(theta);
        particle.position = glm::vec2(x, y);
        particle.velocity = glm::normalize(glm::vec2(x,y)) * 0.00025f;
        particle.color = glm::vec4(rndDist(rndEngine), rndDist(rndEngine), rndDist(rndEngine), 1.0f);
    }

    return particles;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createUniformBuffers() {
    VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);

    _uniformBuffers.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    _uniformBuffersMemory.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    _uniformBuffersMapped.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
        createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT
                     , _uniformBuffers[i], _uniformBuffersMemory[i]);

        vkMapMemory(_device, _uniformBuffersMemory[i], 0, bufferSize, 0, &_uniformBuffersMapped[i]);
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createDescriptorPool() {
    std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, 2> poolSizes{};
    poolSizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    poolSizes[0].descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    poolSizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    poolSizes[1].descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};
    poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
    poolInfo.poolSizeCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(poolSizes.size());
    poolInfo.pPoolSizes = poolSizes.data();
    poolInfo.maxSets = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

    if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(_device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &_descriptorPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor pool!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createComputeDescriptorPool() {
    std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, 2> poolSizes{};
    poolSizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    poolSizes[0].descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    poolSizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
    poolSizes[1].descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT) * 2;

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};
    poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
    poolInfo.poolSizeCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(poolSizes.size());
    poolInfo.pPoolSizes = poolSizes.data();
    poolInfo.maxSets = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

    if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(_device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &_computeDescriptorPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor pool!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createDescriptorSets()
{
    allocateDescriptorSets();

    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
        VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo = createDescriptorBufferInfo(_uniformBuffers[i], sizeof(UniformBufferObject));

        VkDescriptorImageInfo imageInfo = createDescriptorImageInfo();

        std::array<VkWriteDescriptorSet, 2> descriptorWrites{};

        addUniformBufferWriteDescriptor(descriptorWrites[0], &bufferInfo, i, 0);

        addImageWriteDescriptor(descriptorWrites[1], &imageInfo, i, 1);

        vkUpdateDescriptorSets(_device, static_cast<uint32_t>(descriptorWrites.size()), descriptorWrites.data(), 0, nullptr);
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::addUniformBufferWriteDescriptor(VkWriteDescriptorSet& descriptorWrite, VkDescriptorBufferInfo* bufferInfo, size_t index
                                                               , uint32_t dstBinding)
{
    descriptorWrite.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
    descriptorWrite.dstSet = _descriptorSets[index];
    descriptorWrite.dstBinding = dstBinding;
    descriptorWrite.dstArrayElement = 0;
    descriptorWrite.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    descriptorWrite.descriptorCount = 1;
    descriptorWrite.pBufferInfo = bufferInfo;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::addImageWriteDescriptor(VkWriteDescriptorSet& descriptorWrite, VkDescriptorImageInfo* imageInfo, size_t index
                                                       , uint32_t dstBinding)
{
    descriptorWrite.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
    descriptorWrite.dstSet = _descriptorSets[index];
    descriptorWrite.dstBinding = dstBinding;
    descriptorWrite.dstArrayElement = 0;
    descriptorWrite.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    descriptorWrite.descriptorCount = 1;
    descriptorWrite.pImageInfo = imageInfo;
}

VkDescriptorImageInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createDescriptorImageInfo()
{
    VkDescriptorImageInfo imageInfo{};
    imageInfo.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
    imageInfo.imageView = _textureImageView;
    imageInfo.sampler = _textureSampler;

    return imageInfo;
}

VkDescriptorBufferInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createDescriptorBufferInfo(VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceSize range)
{
    VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo{};
    bufferInfo.buffer = buffer;
    bufferInfo.offset = 0;
    bufferInfo.range = range;

    return bufferInfo;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::allocateDescriptorSets()
{
    std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT, _descriptorSetLayout);
    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.descriptorPool = _descriptorPool;
    allocInfo.descriptorSetCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    allocInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();

    _descriptorSets.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(_device, &allocInfo, _descriptorSets.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate descriptor sets!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createComputeDescriptorSets()
{
    allocateComputeDescriptorSets();

    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
        VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo = createDescriptorBufferInfo(_uniformBuffers[i], sizeof(UniformBufferObject));

        std::array<VkWriteDescriptorSet, 3> descriptorWrites{};

        addUniformBufferWriteDescriptor(descriptorWrites[0], &bufferInfo, i, 0);

        VkDescriptorBufferInfo storageBufferInfoLastFrame = createDescriptorBufferInfo(_shaderStorageBuffers[(i - 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT]
                , sizeof(Particle) * PARTICLE_COUNT);
        addStorageBufferWriteDescriptor(descriptorWrites[1], &storageBufferInfoLastFrame, i, 1);

        VkDescriptorBufferInfo storageBufferInfoCurrentFrame = createDescriptorBufferInfo(_shaderStorageBuffers[i], sizeof(Particle) * PARTICLE_COUNT);
        addStorageBufferWriteDescriptor(descriptorWrites[2], &storageBufferInfoCurrentFrame, i, 2);

        vkUpdateDescriptorSets(_device, static_cast<uint32_t>(descriptorWrites.size()), descriptorWrites.data(), 0, nullptr);
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::addStorageBufferWriteDescriptor(VkWriteDescriptorSet& descriptorWrite, VkDescriptorBufferInfo* bufferInfo, size_t index
                                                               , uint32_t dstBinding)
{
    descriptorWrite.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
    descriptorWrite.dstSet = _descriptorSets[index];
    descriptorWrite.dstBinding = dstBinding;
    descriptorWrite.dstArrayElement = 0;
    descriptorWrite.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
    descriptorWrite.descriptorCount = 1;
    descriptorWrite.pBufferInfo = bufferInfo;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::allocateComputeDescriptorSets()
{
    std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT, _computeDescriptorSetLayout);
    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.descriptorPool = _computeDescriptorPool;
    allocInfo.descriptorSetCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    allocInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();

    _descriptorSets.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(_device, &allocInfo, _computeDescriptorSets.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate descriptor sets!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createCommandBuffer() {
    _commandBuffers.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.commandPool = _commandPool;
    allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
    allocInfo.commandBufferCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(_commandBuffers.size());

    if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(_device, &allocInfo, _commandBuffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate command buffers!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createComputeCommandBuffers() {
    _computeCommandBuffers.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.commandPool = _commandPool;
    allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
    allocInfo.commandBufferCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(_computeCommandBuffers.size());

    if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(_device, &allocInfo, _computeCommandBuffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate compute command buffers!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::createSyncObjects() {
    _imageAvailableSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    _renderFinishedSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    _inFlightFences.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

    _computeFinishedSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
    _computeInFlightFences.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo{};
    semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;

    VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo{};
    fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
    fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++)
    {
        if (vkCreateSemaphore(_device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &_imageAvailableSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
            vkCreateSemaphore(_device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &_renderFinishedSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
            vkCreateFence(_device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &_inFlightFences[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create synchronization objects for a frame!");
        }
        if (vkCreateSemaphore(_device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &_computeFinishedSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
            vkCreateFence(_device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &_computeInFlightFences[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create compute synchronization objects for a frame!");
        }
    }
}



void HelloTriangleApplication::mainLoop()
{
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(_window)) {
        glfwPollEvents();
        drawFrame();
    }

    vkDeviceWaitIdle(_device);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::drawFrame(){
//    computeSubmission();

    VkResult result = graphicsSubmission();
    if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR)
    {
        return;
    }

    currentFrame = (currentFrame + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::computeSubmission()
{
    vkWaitForFences(_device, 1, &_computeInFlightFences[currentFrame], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);

    updateUniformBuffer(currentFrame);

    vkResetFences(_device, 1, &_computeInFlightFences[currentFrame]);

    vkResetCommandBuffer(_computeCommandBuffers[currentFrame], /*VkCommandBufferResetFlagBits*/ 0);
    recordComputeCommandBuffer(_computeCommandBuffers[currentFrame]);

    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = createComputeSubmitInfo();

    if (vkQueueSubmit(_graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, _computeInFlightFences[currentFrame]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to submit compute command buffer!");
    }

}

VkSubmitInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createComputeSubmitInfo()
{
    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &_computeCommandBuffers[currentFrame];
    submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &_computeFinishedSemaphores[currentFrame];
}

VkResult HelloTriangleApplication::graphicsSubmission()
{
    vkWaitForFences(_device, 1, &_inFlightFences[currentFrame], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);

    uint32_t imageIndex;
    VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(_device, _swapChain, UINT64_MAX, _imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex);
    if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR)
    {
        recreateSwapChain();
        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR;
    } else if (result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to acquire swap chain image!");
    }

//    VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = {_computeFinishedSemaphores[currentFrame], _imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame]};
//    VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = {VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT};
    VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = {_imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame]};
    VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = {VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT};
    VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = {_renderFinishedSemaphores[currentFrame]};

    drawSubmission(imageIndex, waitSemaphores, waitStages, signalSemaphores);

    result = presentSubmission(imageIndex, signalSemaphores);
    return result;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::drawSubmission(uint32_t imageIndex, VkSemaphore* waitSemaphores, VkPipelineStageFlags* waitStages
                                              , VkSemaphore* signalSemaphores)
{
    updateUniformBuffer(currentFrame);

    vkResetFences(_device, 1, &_inFlightFences[currentFrame]);

    vkResetCommandBuffer(_commandBuffers[currentFrame], 0);

    recordCommandBuffer(_commandBuffers[currentFrame], imageIndex);

    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = createDrawSubmitInfo(waitSemaphores, waitStages, signalSemaphores);

    if (vkQueueSubmit(_graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, _inFlightFences[currentFrame]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to submit draw command buffer!");
    }
}

VkSubmitInfo HelloTriangleApplication::createDrawSubmitInfo(VkSemaphore* waitSemaphores, VkPipelineStageFlags* waitStages, VkSemaphore* signalSemaphores)
{
    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;

    submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores;
    submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;

    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &_commandBuffers[currentFrame];

    submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores;

    return submitInfo;
}

VkResult HelloTriangleApplication::presentSubmission(uint32_t imageIndex, VkSemaphore* signalSemaphores)
{
    VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo{};
    presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;

    presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
    presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = signalSemaphores;

    VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = {_swapChain};
    presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
    presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapChains;
    presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;

    presentInfo.pResults = nullptr; // Optional

    VkResult result = vkQueuePresentKHR(_presentQueue, &presentInfo);

    if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR || framebufferResized)
    {
        framebufferResized = false;
        recreateSwapChain();
    } else if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to present swap chain image!");
    }
    return result;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::recordCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t imageIndex) {
    beginPipelineCommands(commandBuffer);

    beginRenderPass(commandBuffer, imageIndex);

    vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, _graphicsPipeline);

    VkViewport viewport = createViewportInfo();
    vkCmdSetViewport(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &viewport);

    VkRect2D scissor = createScissorInfo();
    vkCmdSetScissor(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &scissor);

    VkBuffer vertexBuffers[] = {_vertexBuffer};
    VkDeviceSize offsets[] = {0};
    vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commandBuffer, 0, 1, vertexBuffers, offsets);
    vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commandBuffer, _indexBuffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);

//    vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &_shaderStorageBuffers[currentFrame], offsets);

    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, _pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &_descriptorSets[currentFrame], 0, nullptr);

//    vkCmdDraw(commandBuffer, PARTICLE_COUNT, 1, 0, 0);
    vkCmdDrawIndexed(commandBuffer, static_cast<uint32_t>(_indices.size()), 1, 0, 0, 0);

    vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffer);

    if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to record command buffer!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::beginPipelineCommands(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
{
    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
    beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
    beginInfo.flags = 0; // Optional
    beginInfo.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr; // Optional

    if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to begin recording command buffer!");
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::beginRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t imageIndex)
{
    VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassInfo{};
    renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
    renderPassInfo.renderPass = _renderPass;
    renderPassInfo.framebuffer = _swapChainFramebuffers[imageIndex];
    renderPassInfo.renderArea.offset = {0, 0};
    renderPassInfo.renderArea.extent = _swapChainExtent;

    std::vector<VkClearValue> clearValues{};
    clearValues.resize(2);
    clearValues[0].color = {{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}};
    clearValues[1].depthStencil = {1.0f, 0};

    renderPassInfo.clearValueCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(clearValues.size());
    renderPassInfo.pClearValues = clearValues.data();

    vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffer, &renderPassInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
}

VkViewport HelloTriangleApplication::createViewportInfo()
{
    VkViewport viewport{};
    viewport.x = 0.0f;
    viewport.y = 0.0f;
    viewport.width = static_cast<float>(_swapChainExtent.width);
    viewport.height = static_cast<float>(_swapChainExtent.height);
    viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
    viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;

    return viewport;
}

VkRect2D HelloTriangleApplication::createScissorInfo()
{
    VkRect2D scissor{};
    scissor.offset = {0, 0};
    scissor.extent = _swapChainExtent;

    return  scissor;
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::recordComputeCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer) {
    beginPipelineCommands(commandBuffer);

    vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, _computePipeline);

    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, _computePipelineLayout, 0, 1, &_computeDescriptorSets[currentFrame], 0, nullptr);

    vkCmdDispatch(commandBuffer, PARTICLE_COUNT / 256, 1, 1);

    if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to record compute command buffer!");
    }

}

void HelloTriangleApplication::updateUniformBuffer(uint32_t currentImage) {
    static auto startTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

    auto currentTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    float time = std::chrono::duration<float, std::chrono::seconds::period>(currentTime - startTime).count();

    UniformBufferObject ubo{};
    ubo.model = glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), time * glm::radians(22.5f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
    ubo.view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
    ubo.proj = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), _swapChainExtent.width / static_cast<float>(_swapChainExtent.height), 0.1f, 10.0f);
    ubo.proj[1][1] *= -1;

    memcpy(_uniformBuffersMapped[currentImage], &ubo, sizeof(ubo));
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::recreateSwapChain() {
    int width = 0, height = 0;
    glfwGetFramebufferSize(_window, &width, &height);
    while (width == 0 || height == 0) {
        glfwGetFramebufferSize(_window, &width, &height);
        glfwWaitEvents();
    }

    vkDeviceWaitIdle(_device);

    cleanupSwapChain();

    createSwapChain();
    createImageViews();
    createColorResources();
    createDepthResources();
    createFramebuffers();
}



void HelloTriangleApplication::cleanupSwapChain() {
    vkDestroyImageView(_device, _colorImageView, nullptr);
    vkDestroyImage(_device, _colorImage, nullptr);
    vkFreeMemory(_device, _colorImageMemory, nullptr);

    vkDestroyImageView(_device, _depthImageView, nullptr);
    vkDestroyImage(_device, _depthImage, nullptr);
    vkFreeMemory(_device, _depthImageMemory, nullptr);

    for (auto framebuffer : _swapChainFramebuffers) {
        vkDestroyFramebuffer(_device, framebuffer, nullptr);
    }

    for (auto imageView : _swapChainImageViews) {
        vkDestroyImageView(_device, imageView, nullptr);
    }

    vkDestroySwapchainKHR(_device, _swapChain, nullptr);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::cleanPipeline()
{
    vkDestroyPipeline(_device, _graphicsPipeline, nullptr);
    vkDestroyPipelineLayout(_device, _pipelineLayout, nullptr);

    vkDestroyPipeline(_device, _computePipeline, nullptr);
    vkDestroyPipelineLayout(_device, _computePipelineLayout, nullptr);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::cleanBuffers()
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
        vkDestroyBuffer(_device, _shaderStorageBuffers[i], nullptr);
        vkFreeMemory(_device, _shaderStorageBuffersMemory[i], nullptr);
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
        vkDestroyBuffer(_device, _uniformBuffers[i], nullptr);
        vkFreeMemory(_device, _uniformBuffersMemory[i], nullptr);
    }

    vkDestroyBuffer(_device, _indexBuffer, nullptr);
    vkFreeMemory(_device, _indexBufferMemory, nullptr);

    vkDestroyBuffer(_device, _vertexBuffer, nullptr);
    vkFreeMemory(_device, _vertexBufferMemory, nullptr);
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::cleanSyncObjects()
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
        vkDestroySemaphore(_device, _renderFinishedSemaphores[i], nullptr);
        vkDestroySemaphore(_device, _imageAvailableSemaphores[i], nullptr);
        vkDestroyFence(_device, _inFlightFences[i], nullptr);

        vkDestroySemaphore(_device, _computeFinishedSemaphores[i], nullptr);
        vkDestroyFence(_device, _computeInFlightFences[i], nullptr);
    }
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::cleanBase()
{
    vkDestroyDevice(_device, nullptr);

    vkDestroySurfaceKHR(_instance, _surface, nullptr);

    if (enableValidationLayers) {
        DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(_instance, _debugMessenger, nullptr);
    }

    vkDestroyInstance(_instance, nullptr);

    glfwDestroyWindow(_window);

    glfwTerminate();
}

void HelloTriangleApplication::cleanup()
{
    cleanupSwapChain();

    vkDestroySampler(_device, _textureSampler, nullptr);
    vkDestroyImageView(_device, _textureImageView, nullptr);

    vkDestroyImage(_device, _textureImage, nullptr);
    vkFreeMemory(_device, _textureImageMemory, nullptr);

    vkDestroyDescriptorPool(_device, _descriptorPool, nullptr);

    vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(_device, _descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);

    cleanBuffers();

    cleanSyncObjects();

    vkDestroyCommandPool(_device, _commandPool, nullptr);

    cleanPipeline();

    vkDestroyRenderPass(_device, _renderPass, nullptr);

    cleanBase();
}